Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and sometimes lead to hospitalization or even death. Here are 10 things you need to know about influenza:
- It’s seasonal: Influenza activity typically peaks during the winter months in temperate regions. However, flu viruses circulate year-round in tropical areas.
- It spreads easily: Influenza viruses are mainly spread through droplets made when someone with the flu talks, coughs, or sneezes. You can also get the flu by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth or nose.
- It can be prevented: The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated every year. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over 6 months of age, especially people at higher risk of flu-related complications, such as young children, pregnant women, and older adults.
- It can be treated: Antiviral medications can be used to treat the flu, especially if started early. These medications can make the illness milder, shorten the duration of symptoms, and prevent complications.
- It has common symptoms: The flu can cause fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. Some people may also experience vomiting and diarrhea, although these symptoms are more common in children than adults.
- It can lead to complications: Influenza can lead to complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections, and worsening of chronic medical conditions like asthma or heart disease.
- It’s not the same as the common cold: Although the flu and the common cold share some symptoms, they are caused by different viruses and have distinct clinical features. The flu tends to come on suddenly, with more severe symptoms and a higher risk of complications.
- It’s not caused by the stomach flu: The term “stomach flu” is often used to describe gastroenteritis, a condition that causes vomiting and diarrhea. However, gastroenteritis is not caused by influenza viruses, but by other types of viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
- It can affect anyone: Anyone can get the flu.
